1975: In defeating a seemingly invincible Jimmy Connors, Arthur Ashe showed that with enough thought and courage, anyone in tennis can be beaten

Centre Court turns 100 this year. During that time, this bastion of propriety and tradition has also borne witness to a century’s worth of progress and tennis democratization. For its centennial, we look back at 10 of its most historic and sport-changing matches.

Arthur Ashe d. Jimmy Connors

6-1, 6-1, 5-7, 6-4

1975 Wimbledon Men’s Final

We know that Icarus flew too close to the sun and was burned, but did Tarzan ever swing too high and lose sight of the trees? That’s one explanation—metaphorically speaking, of course—for what happened in the 1975 Wimbledon men’s final, which, close to five decades later, remains one of the most epochal and popular upsets in tennis history.

Coming into the event, 22-year-old Jimmy Connors was the overwhelming favorite. He had won the tournament the previous year, was No. 1 in the world, and was playing with unprecedented viciousness. In 1974, Jimbo had gone 99-4, and there was talk in men’s-tour locker rooms about how he would “go on winning everything for years.”

Few people watching Connors’ Wimbledon semifinal against Roscoe Tanner would have  dared to disagree.

“Pumped and rolling like never before, Jimbo only just stopped short of beating his breast like some miniature tennis Tarzan,” Richard Evans wrote in Open Tennis. “But in fact this extravagant show of power-packed tennis was only contributing to his downfall.”

Is this what the ATP had fought for? Many yearned for Ashe, the sentimental favorite at 32 years old, to give the Belleville basher his comeuppance at Wimbledon.

You see, there was one person watching who had to believe that Connors could be beaten. Arthur Ashe, who had just finished a five-set win over Tony Roche in his own semifinal, sat toweling off in the Wimbledon locker room as Jimmy strutted across the TV screen above him.

Ashe watched the bullet-serving Tanner hit the ball hard at Connors, only to watch it come back over the net harder; now he knew what not to try in the final. There was only one problem: Like Tanner, Ashe had always played with slashing power and caution-to-the-wind aggression. Could he change, just this once?

The consensus was that, whatever Ashe tried, it wasn’t going to work. His friends in the press were almost frightened for him. Bud Collins said he was “scared to death that Arthur was going to be terribly embarrassed.” Frank DeFord of Sports Illustrated skipped the match entirely rather than see Ashe be humiliated.

Between the semis and final, Ashe huddled with his agent, and U.S. Davis Cup captain, Donald Dell, and his friend and fellow player Dennis Ralston. They mapped out a plan based around the one that Muhammad Ali had used to take back the heavyweight championship from George Foreman the year before: Rope-a-dope. Rather than go toe-to-toe with a bigger-hitting, younger man, Ali had laid back and absorbed Foreman’s haymakers; when Foreman grew tired, Ali went in for the kill.

Ashe would implement the tennis version of this strategy. Instead of feeding Jimbo, a born counterpuncher, the pace he craved, Ashe would dink and dunk, slice and dice. Instead of cracking the flat serve he loved so much, and which Connors loved to crack back with his two-handed backhand, Ashe would bend it out wide.

“I had the strangest feeling that I couldn’t lose,” the underdog would say later.

Ashe was confident enough to tweak his younger opponent before the match began. He walked onto Centre Court wearing red, white, and blue sweatbands and his Davis Cup team jacket, with USA emblazoned across the back. This was a not-so-subtle reference to Connors’ recent boycott of Davis Cup, and to the controversy that swirled around the two at the time.

Two years earlier, Ashe had helped lead the ATP’s Wimbledon boycott, a labor uprising that left the players largely in control of the sport for the first time. Connors, a decade younger than Ashe, had been a prime beneficiary of the risk that his fellow players had taken. Rather than join the boycott at Wimbledon, though, 20-year-old Jimbo had happily leaped into the void and bashed his way to his first Grand Slam quarterfinal.

A year later, Connors ascended to No. 1 and became the first champion of the Open era who had no connections to the bad old amateur days, the first who hadn’t been forced to trek across the country in the back of a station wagon on a barnstorming tour.

Yet Connors, ever the solo artist, appeared to be anything but grateful to his colleagues. Instead, before Wimbledon, he and his maverick manager, Bill Riordan, sued Ashe for comments Ashe had made about Connors’ recent Davis Cup boycott.

“He ain’t one of the boys,” Ashe told Time in 1975. “Right now he’s sorely misguided. We hardly say hello.”

Is this what the ATP had fought for? Many yearned for Ashe, the sentimental favorite at 32 years old, to give the Belleville basher his comeuppance at Wimbledon.

The political background had obviously added spice to the occasion, but even without that the match would have attracted an unusual amount of interest, because Ashe had already established himself as one of the most articulate and popular athletes in the world, while Connors was the perfect anti-hero—brash, vulgar, and threatening. Richard Evans, Open Tennis

“The political background had obviously added spice to the occasion,” Evans wrote, “but even without that the match would have attracted an unusual amount of interest, because Ashe had already established himself as one of the most articulate and popular athletes in the world, while Connors was the perfect anti-hero—brash, vulgar, and threatening.”

The world, for once, got what it wanted. Ashe’s brave tactic worked perfectly. He chipped the ball, he rolled it softly, he kept it low, he swung Connors from side to side, he hit his often-wonky forehand volley with precision. He gave Jimbo nothing to work with, no punches to counter.

Ashe won the first two sets by the astounding scores of 6-1, 6-1. And when Connors snuck out the third set and went up a break in the fourth, Ashe, closing his eyes in meditation during each changeover, stuck with the plan. In the end, much like Ali had done against Foreman, he finally let rip with two knockout backhands to break serve in the fourth set. A few minutes later, Ashe finished this most masterly of upsets with one more swinging serve, and one more volley winner.

With that, Ashe had given tennis’s old guard a final hurrah; his Grand Slam title would be the last for his generation. At the same time, he became the first and so far only black man to win Wimbledon. When the match was over, Ashe turned to his player’s box and raised his fist, briefly, in celebration. Many people watching believed Ashe was making a black power salute, like the ones Tommy Smith and John Carlos had made on the medal stand at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. Ashe—as author Eric Allen Hall noted in his 2014 biography of the player—said his clenched fist was a gesture of triumph toward Dell, one of the architects of this victory.

Over the years, Ashe said he was happy to hear that, “Among blacks, I’ve had quite a few say [the win] was up there with Joe Louis in his prime and Jackie Robinson breaking in with the Dodgers in 1947.”

Connors would later reveal that he had suffered hairline fractures in his shin during his first-round match at Wimbledon that year. Yet nothing could spoil this moment. Ashe had walked in wearing a USA jacket, and gone out with a clenched fist. He was the last old-fashioned tennis gentleman to win Wimbledon, and the first black male to do it.

He was a calm man who played with reckless abandon. And he would never play the way he did that day against Connors again. As Evans said, “It was all biff and bang and glorious technicolor winners for the rest of his career.”

Ashe had won major events before, including the first US Open, in 1968. But to win a Wimbledon title on Centre Court was to show, like his fellow pioneer Althea Gibson had shown, nearly 20 years earlier, that there was no place in tennis where African-American players couldn’t succeed. He was the rare athlete who transcended all boundaries, and he inspired whites and blacks alike.

With his win over the seemingly invincible Connors, Ashe offered hope to his fellow players in particular. Ashe showed that thought and courage do matter in tennis, and with enough of both, anyone can be beaten.